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Beowulf: Prologue (Lines 1–11)
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Beowulf: Prologue (Lines 1–11)
The voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan
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Sentence 1
Hwæt!
listen
Wē
1PL.NOM
Gār-Den-a
spear-Dane-GEN.PL
in
in
ġeār-dag-um,
year-day-DAT.PL
FREE TRANSLATION
Listen! We of the Spear-Danes in days of yore, of the people's kings, have heard of their glory, how those noble princes performed courageous deeds.
Sentence 2
þēod-cyning-a,
people-king-GEN.PL
þrym
glory.ACC.SG
ġe-frūn-on,
PFV-hear.PST-PL
FREE TRANSLATION
of the people's kings, have heard of their glory,
Sentence 3
hū
how
ðā
DEF.NOM.PL
æþeling-as
noble-NOM.PL
ellen
valor.ACC.SG
fremed-on.
perform.PST-PL
FREE TRANSLATION
how those noble princes performed courageous deeds.
Sentence 4
Oft
often
Scyld
Scyld.NOM.SG
Scēf-ing
Sceaf-son.NOM.SG
sceaþe-na
enemy-GEN.PL
þrēat-um,
troop-DAT.PL
FREE TRANSLATION
Often Scyld Scefing from troops of enemies, from many tribes, seized the mead-benches,
Sentence 5
manig-um
many-DAT.PL
mǣġþ-um,
tribe-DAT.PL
meodo-setl-a
mead-seat-GEN.PL
of-tēah,
PV-deprive.PST.3SG
FREE TRANSLATION
from many tribes, seized the mead-benches,
Sentence 6
egs-od-e
terrify-PST-IND.3SG
eorl-as,
earl-ACC.PL
syððan
after
ǣrest
first.SUP
wearð
become.PST.3SG
FREE TRANSLATION
terrified the earls, after he was first found destitute;
Sentence 7
fēa-sceaft
destitute-NOM.SG
fund-en;
find-PSTP.NOM.SG
hē
3SG.M.NOM
þæs
DEM.GEN.SG
frōfr-e
solace-ACC.SG
ġe-bād,
PFV-experience.PST.3SG
FREE TRANSLATION
found destitute; he experienced solace for that,
Sentence 8
wēox
grow.PST.3SG
under
under
wolcn-um,
cloud-DAT.PL
weorð-mynd-um
honor-glory-DAT.PL
þāh,
prosper.PST.3SG
FREE TRANSLATION
grew under the clouds, prospered in honors,
Sentence 9
oð-þæt
until
him
3SG.M.DAT
ǣġ-hwylċ
each-NOM.SG
þār-a
DEF-GEN.PL
ymb-sitt-end-ra
around-sit-PTCP-GEN.PL
FREE TRANSLATION
until each of the surrounding peoples across the whale-road had to obey him,
Sentence 10
ofer
across
hron-rād-e
whale-road-ACC.SG
hȳr-an
obey-INF
scol-d-e,
shall-PST-IND.3SG
FREE TRANSLATION
across the whale-road had to obey him,
Sentence 11
gomb-an
tribute-ACC.SG
gyld-an.
pay-INF
Þæt
that.NOM.SG
wæs
be.PST.3SG
gōd
good.NOM.SG
cyning!
king.NOM.SG
FREE TRANSLATION
and pay tribute. That was a good king!
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